Perspectives de mestres i expertes per determinar l’efectivitat del Kamishibai com una eina d’integració i aprenentatge de la llengua en infants nouvinguts

Treballs Finals de Grau de Mestre d'Educació Infantil, Facultat d'Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2021-2022, Tutora: Ann Elizabeth Wilson Daily[cat] Durant els últims anys s'han realitzat diferents estudis en els quals s’han assenyalat diversos mètodes per a la integració dels infants nouvinguts a les aules, a la cultura i a la llengua. Aquesta investigació te com a objectiu estudiar les perspectives de diferents mestres d'Educació Infantil i d'especialistes en Kamishibai per a la posterior triangulació de les dades sobre la possible utilització d'aquest recurs dins de l'aula. La mostra es va obtenir a partir de la categorització i la comparació dels resultats obtinguts de la realització de 6 entrevistes: tres mestres i tres expertes Gaito Kamishibaia. Els resultats demostren gràcies a les percepcions de les entrevistades, que el previ estudi del Kamishibai per part dels docents i la posterior integració d'aquest material a les aules de reforç ajudaria significativament a la integració d'aquests alumnes en un ambient ordinari i a més a més, afavoriria l'adquisició progressiva i significativa de noves competències comunicatives, tant orals com escrites. Aquest estudi suggereix una possible millora quant a les habilitats d'integració, comunicació oral i comunicació escrita dels infants nouvinguts a les escoles.[spa] Durante los últimos años se han realizado diferentes estudios en los cuales se han señalado varios métodos para la integración de los niños recién llegados a las aulas, a la cultura y a la lengua. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar las perspectivas de diferentes maestros de Educación Infantil y de especialistas en Kamishibai para la posterior triangulación de los datos sobre la posible utilización de este recurso dentro del aula. La muestra se obtuvo a partir de la categorización y la comparación de los resultados obtenidos de la realización de 6 entrevistas: tres maestros y tres expertas Gaito Kamishibaia. Los resultados demuestran gracias a las percepciones de las entrevistadas, que el previo estudio del Kamishibai por parte de los docentes y la posterior integración de este material a las aulas de refuerzo ayudaría significativamente a la integración de estos alumnos en un ambiente ordinario y además, favorecería la adquisición progresiva y significativa de nuevas competencias comunicativas, tanto orales como escritas. Este estudio sugiere una posible mejora en cuanto a las habilidades de integración, comunicación oral y comunicación escrita de los niños recién llegados en las escuelas.[eng] In recent years, different studies have been carried out in which various methods have been pointed out for the integration of newly arrived children into the classroom, culture and language. This research aims to study the perspectives of different Early Childhood Education teachers and specialists in Kamishibai for the subsequent triangulation of data on the possible use of this resource in the classroom. The sample was obtained from the categorization and comparison of the results obtained from conducting 6 interviews: three teachers and three experts Gaito Kamishibaia. The results show thanks to the percepcions of the intervewees, that the previous study of the Kamishibai by the teachers and the subsequent integration of this material into the reinforcement classrooms would significantly help the integration of these students in an ordinary environment and, in addition, would favor the progressive and significant acquisition of new skills. communication, both oral and written. This study suggests a possible improvement in terms of integration, oral communication and written communication skills of newly arrived children in schools

Lentes oftálmicas para el control de la miopía

La miopía es un defecto refractivo considerado factor de riesgo importante en diversas patologías oculares. Su control mediante lentes oftálmicas es en la actualidad la única opción no invasiva disponible en el mercado, por lo que en los últimos años se han desarrollado nuevas tecnologías con líneas de investigación todavía abiertas. Existen dos teorías principales en las que se fundamentan las lentes oftálmicas para el control de la miopía: la reducción del retraso acomodativo y la modificación de percepción en retina periférica. La técnica de hipocorrección, las lentes bifocales y las de adición progresiva están basadas en la primera de las teorías. En cambio, los diseños con tecnologías más novedosas están fundados en las modulaciones excéntricas, variaciones provocadas por la inducción de un desenfoque miópico o por la reducción de la sensibilidad al contraste. Por consiguiente, en el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado se ha realizado un análisis que expone los distintos parámetros de las lentes oftálmicas, así como su correspondiente eficacia. Asimismo, se contempla la situación actual del tratamiento y se estudian los posibles impactos acusados a las funciones visuale

Plan estratégico de comunicación para Ardisek, empresa de arquitectura y diseño

En el crecimiento empresarial, la comunicación se ha convertido en un elemento importante que les permite a las empresas progresar a nivel productivo pero también humano. Por esta razón se realiza este trabajo de grado, para analizar la estructura de comunicación que tiene Ardisek, empresa de arquitectura y diseño, específicamente en el área de comunicación interna. Para esto, primeramente se desglosará la palabra comunicación y la importancia que tiene esta dentro de una organización, así como aclarar los conceptos claves que se usarán durante todo este trabajo para posteriormente realizar un diagnostico que arroje las mayores falencias y obstáculos de esta empresa, con el objetivo de diseñar un plan estratégico de comunicación interna que mitigue de una manera efectiva los problemas arrojados.The following work analyzes the communication structure of Ardisek, an architecture and design company. For the purpose, we went deep into the word “communication” and analized its importance in any company. Also cleared all the key concepts (that were used throughout the work) in order to diagnose the weak points and obstacles of the company and with this, create an strategic plan of intern communication to mitigate effectively the resultant problems.Comunicador (a) SocialPregrad

Sistema de energía solar en el diseño de viviendas sustentables

La vivienda sustentable ha dejado de ser un carácter arquitectónico no solo por su forma de concebir un proyecto desde su diseño y construcción, sino también de ser distinguido entre lo que es una vivienda ecológica y bioclimática, lo que conlleva a diferencia el concepto “sustentable”, con la utilización de materiales y conceptos bioclimáticos. Con base en esto se presenta la idea de crear un módulo de vivienda el cual este integrado a los recursos propios del lugar y se acople al aprovechamiento de la luz sola, por medio de tecnologías aplicadas de componentes energéticos, mediante el funcionamiento de cada uno de los sistemas ecológicos aplicados e instalación con mayor eficacia. Los resultados de este módulo fueron eficaces, ya que la vivienda se empezó con el diseño del estudio de radiación solar del lugar, aplicando métodos de programación de software y análisis de recopilación, acoplando esto en el diseño cubiertas e iluminación del módulo llegando a la finalidad de que es adecuado. Estos resultados desarrollaron a las conclusiones de que se puede lograr y llegar al objetivo de hacer un diseño de vivienda sustentable con ayuda de la radiación solar, componentes bioclimáticos y tecnologías sustentables.Sustainable housing has ceased to be an architectural character not only for its way of conceiving a project from its design and construction, but also to be distinguished between what is an ecological and bioclimatic housing, which leads to differentiate the concept "sustainable", with the use of materials and bioclimatic concepts. Based on this, the idea of creating a housing module which is integrated to the resources of the place and is coupled to the use of sunlight through applied technologies of energy components, through the operation of each of the ecological systems applied and installed more effectively is presented. The results of this module were effective, since the housing began with the design of the study of solar radiation of the place, applying methods of software programming and analysis of compilation, coupling this in the design covers and illumination of the module reaching the finality that the module is adequate. These results supported the conclusions that can be achieved and reach the goal of making a sustainable housing design with the help of solar radiation, bioclimatic components and sustainable technologies

Planejamento digital e cirurgia guiada em reabilitação oral: relatório de caso

Digital planning of the prosthesis associated with surgical planning increased predictability, since surgical guides indicate the best place for implant installation, thus reducing the number of complications, and the CAD/CAM system provides predictability in the preparation of final restorations, according to the procedure previously planned. Our study reported a digital workflow used for the guided installation of two dental implants in regions 14 and 16, extraction of tooth 15 and installation of a fixed prothesis over implants. After anamnesis and clinical evaluation, intra- and extra-oral photographs of the patient were performed, molding the upper arch with polyvinylsiloxane (2-step putty/light-body technique) and requesting computed tomography. The plaster model obtained was sent to the laboratory and scanned. The generated file (STL) was used to create a diagnostic wax-up that was aligned to the tomography (in DICOM format), enabling the three-dimensional planning of the implants, which generated a partial printed surgical guide after approval of the dentist. After six months, the patient received the provisional fixed prosthesis printed in PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) on an intermediate in PEEK (polyetheretherketone) aiming to condition an emergency profile to receive a definitive prosthesis two months later, with zirconia-milled infrastructure on a ti-base. The correct understanding of the operator about the steps of the digital workflow (diagnosis, prosthetic planning, surgical planning, guide preparation, temporary and final restorations) gives the operator improved predictability at the time of surgery as well as satisfactory aesthetic and functional result of definitive restorations.Planejamento digital de prótese associada a planejamento cirúrgico aumenta a previsibilidade devido às guias cirúrgicas que indicam o melhor local para instalação do implante, reduzindo o número de complicações, e o sistema CAD/CAM permite previsibilidade ao preparar as restaurações finais, de acordo com o procedimento planejado anteriormente. Nosso estudo relata um fluxo de trabalho digital usado para a instalação guiada de dois implantes dentários nas regiões 14 e 16, extração do dente 15 e instalação de prótese fixa no lugar de implantes. Após anamnese e avaliação clínica, fotografias intra e extraorais do paciente foram tiradas, moldando o arco superior usando polivinilsiloxano (técnicas da dupla mistura e reembasamento) e solicitando tomografia computadorizada. O modelo de gesso obtido foi enviado para o laboratório e escaneado. O arquivo gerado (STL) foi usado para criar um diagnostic wax-up alinhado à tomografia (em formato DICOM), permitindo o planejamento tridimensional dos implantes, o que gerou uma guia cirúrgica parcialmente impressa após aprovação pelo dentista. Após seis meses, o paciente recebeu uma prótese fixa provisória impressa com PMMA (polimetilmetacrilato) em um intermediário em PEEK (Poli(éter-éter-cetona)) para condicionar um perfil emergencial e receber uma prótese definitiva dois meses depois, incluindo infraestrutura de zircônia moída em uma base TI. O entendimento adequado do operador a respeito dos passos envolvidos no fluxo de trabalho digital (diagnóstico, planejamento de prótese, planejamento cirúrgico, preparação da guia, restaurações temporárias e finais) forneceu ao operador maior previsibilidade no momento da cirurgia e um resultado estético e funcional satisfatório para as restaurações definitivas

Excavations in Nakum structure 99 : new data on Protoclassic rituals and Precolumbian Maya beekeeping

Structure 99, located on top of a large platform occupies a major and prominent part of the North Group complex of the Maya site of Nakum situated in the north-eastern area of Guatemala. Archaeological excavations realized in this structure during a few field seasons have revealed interesting data about the very last moment of Nakum’s development during the Terminal Classic period (AD 800- 900/950). It also revealed important traces of architectural and ritual activities from the still enigmatic Protoclassic phase (ca. 100 BC-AD 300). Scattered ceramics, stone tools and human bones found on top of Structure 99 - associated with the final hours of its occupation as well as Protoclassic offerings discovered in the lowest layers of this construction, including intriguing clay heads and jade pendants - are evidence of important ceremonial activities and beliefs that everything in the world is alive. By caching or destroying artifacts within the building, it is symbolically animated or killed by the Maya. This paper presents the results of the most important research conducted in Structure 99 that contributes to our knowledge on the ritual and architectural activities of two crucial periods in the history of Nakum: the Protoclassic and Terminal Classic. Among numerous findings described in this article, there is one that merits special attention. It is a cylindrical ceramic artifact lately identified as a beehive, providing a new perspective on beekeeping by the ancient Maya. The artifact is dated to the Protoclassic phase and is one of the oldest beehives discovered in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica

Validity and reproducibility of cephalometric measurements obtained from 2D and 3D cone beam computed tomography images reconstructed

Orientador: Frab Norberto BóscoloDissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba.Resumo: A telerradiografia em norma lateral é utilizada como a ferramenta essencial e padrão da avaliação da morfologia maxilofacial. O objetivo neste trabalho foi testar a validade e a reprodutibilidade das medidas das grandezas cefalométricas angulares nas imagens 2D e 3D derivadas da reconstrução de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, comparando-as com as medidas obtidas na telerradiografia convencional em norma lateral. Avaliaram-se as imagens telerradiograficas convencionais e tomográficas de 58 indivíduos. Dois examinadores, independentemente e em momentos distintos, avaliaram as telerradiografias convencionais e a média das medidas foi considerada como "padrão ouro". Outros três examinadores realizaram a avaliação das reconstruções 2D e 3D da tomografia, em dois momentos diferentes. Observou-se que todas as modalidades apresentaram diferenças significativas nas medidas das grandezas angulares exceto: na modalidade de telerradiografia virtual RaySum em 2D, para os ângulos SNB, altura facial inferior, eixo facial e cone facial; na modalidade de telerradiografia virtual em 2D de máxima intensidade, para as grandezas SNA, SNB, eixo facial, inclinação IS e cone facial; e, na modalidade de telerradiografia por cortes tomográficos em 3D, para os ângulos eixo facial, IMPA e inclinação IS em ambos os lados e para as grandezas SNA e SNB apenas no lado esquerdo. Porém, mesmo com as diferenças estatisticamente significativas encontradas, apenas o ângulo FMIA, interincisivo, inclinação IS e IMPA apresentaram diferenças absolutas entre as médias das medidas, acima dos 2° e 3°. A correlação entre as modalidades 2D e 3D, bem como entre essas com as telerradiografias convencionais foram excelentes. Concluiu-se que as medidas angulares nas imagens 2D e 3D reconstruídas da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico são reproduzíveis e válidas, comparando-as com as medidas obtidas na telerradiografia em norma lateral, e que mesmo que algumas tenham apresentado diferenças estatísticas significativas, elas não representam valores clínicos relevantes na avaliação cefalométrica como um todoAbstract: The lateral cephalometric radiography is used as the standard and essential tool for assessing maxillofacial morphology. The main of this study was to test the validity and reproducibility of angular cephalometric measurements of images derived from 2D and 3D reconstruction of cone beam computed tomography, and compared them with measurements obtained in conventional lateral cephalometric radiography. Was evaluated the tomographys and conventional cephalometric images of 58 patients. Two operators, independently at different times, evaluated the conventional cephalometric radiographs and means of measurements was considered the "gold standard". Other three operators performed the evaluation of 2D and 3D reconstructions of volumetric tomography in two different times. It was observed that all modalities has significant differences in the angular measures except: in the modality of virtual radiography RaySum 2D for the SNB angle, lower facial height, facial axis and facial taper; in the modality of virtual radiography 2D maximum intensity, for the measurements SNA, SNB, facial axis, IS inclination and facial taper; in the form of radiography for 3D tomographic images for the facial axis, IMPA and IS inclination, on both sides, the angles SNA and SNB only for the left side. However, even with statistically significant differences found, only the angle FMIA, interincisal, IS inclination and IMPA showed absolute differences between the averages of above 2 ° and 3 °. The correlation between 2D and 3D, and between those with conventional radiographs were excellent. It was concluded that the angular measurements in 2D and 3D images reconstructed from cone beam computed tomography are reproducible and valid, comparing them with measurements obtained from lateral cephalometric radiography, and even though some have shown statistically significant differences, they do not represent values in the relevant clinical cephalometric evaluation as a wholeMestradoRadiologia OdontologicaMestre em Radiologia Odontológic

Depressive symptoms, ruminative thinking, marijuana use motives, and marijuana outcomes: A multiple mediation model among college students in five countries

Treball Final de Grau en Medicina. Codi: MD1158. Curs acadèmic: 2018/2019.Background: Previous studies have evidenced that rumination and drinking motives may mediate the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol outcomes. The present study cross-culturally examined whether a similar mediation model may extend to marijuana. Specifically, we tested distinct rumination facets (problem-focused thoughts, counterfactual thinking, repetitive thoughts, and anticipatory thoughts) and marijuana use motives (social, coping, expansion, conformity, enhancement) as double-mediators of the paths from depressive symptoms to marijuana outcomes (use and consequences). Method: A comprehensive mediation path model was tested in a cross-sectional sample of college student marijuana users (n = 1,175) from five countries (U.S., Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, Netherlands). Multi-group models were tested to determine if the proposed mediational model was invariant across sex and different cultures/countries. Results: Depressive symptoms and marijuana outcomes were indirectly associated through ruminative thinking and marijuana motives. Specifically, higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher problem-focused thoughts; which in turn were associated with: a) higher endorsement of coping motives which in turn was associated with higher marijuana use and related consequences and b) lower endorsement of enhancement motives which in turn was associated with lower marijuana use and related consequences. The multi-group analyses showed that the model was invariant across sex and the five countries. Conclusions: The present research supports the existence of a universal (i.e., cross-national invariant) negative affect regulation pathway to marijuana use/misuse similar to those previously found with alcohol. Additional research is needed to confirm the role of enhancement motives in the associations of depression, rumination and marijuana outcomes

Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a small but voracious predator of Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

The effect of predation by the little fire ant Wasmannia auropuntacta (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) kept under experimental conditions for the breeding of the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was evaluated. An experiment was carried out using cages with capacity for 9 plants of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) infested with an average of 600 nymphs of D. citri and 100 adults of T. radiata per cage. Three cages were exposed to ants and one had no ant exposure (Control). In each cage, the numbers of healthy and parasitized nymphs and the numbers of adults of D. citri and T. radiata were counted every 2 days for 15 days. Exposure to predation by W. auropunctata significantly affected the number of nymphs that reached the adult stage as well as the number of nymphs parasitized by T. radiata (Fisher's exact test). In the ant-exposed cages, about 3% of the nymphs survived to the adult stage in contrast to 18% in the control cage. Likewise, the action of the parasitoid was affected, with 24% of nymphs parasitized in the ant-exposed cages in contrast to 66% in the control cage. Wasmannia auropunctata has a great potential as a natural enemy of this psyllid pest in citrus nurseries. The ant also consumes T. radiata by consuming parasitized nymphs of D. citri and this predation may negatively impact the control of D. citri by the parasitoid.Se evaluó el efecto de depredación de Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) sobre ninfas de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) mantenidas en condiciones experimentales para la cría de Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Se realizó un ensayo empleando jaulas con capacidad para 9 plantas de Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) infestadas con un promedio de 600 ninfas de D. citri y 100 adultos de T. radiata por jaula. Tres jaulas fueron expuestas a las hormigas y una sin exposición (Control). En cada jaula se contabilizó el número de ninfas sanas y parasitadas y el número de adultos de D. citri y T. radiata, cada 2 días durante 15 días. La exposición a la depredación por W. auropunctata afectó de forma significativa el número de ninfas que alcanzaron el estado adulto y el número de ninfas parasitadas por T. radiata (prueba exacta de Fisher). En las jaulas expuestas, cerca del 3% de las ninfas sobrevivieron al estado adulto en contraste con 18% en la jaula control. De igual manera se vio afectada la acción del parasitoide, con un 24% de ninfas parasitadas en las jaulas expuestas en contraste con 66% en la jaula control. Wasmannia auropunctata tiene gran potencial como controlador de esta plaga en viveros de cítricos. La hormiga también consume T. radiata de forma indirecta al consumir ninfas de D. citri parasitadas

Diseño e implementación de un aula virtual de aprendizaje para el fortalecimiento del pensamiento lógico-matemático en los estudiantes de grado transición

Este trabajo de grado tiene como objetivo principal realizar el diseño y la implementación de un aula virtual de aprendizaje como una estrategia que permita el fortalecimiento del pensamiento lógico matemático en los niños de transición de la Institución Educativa Agropecuario de Párraga, ubicada en el municipio de Rosas al sur del departamento del Cauca. La idea surge de las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes de básica secundaria en la solución de problemas y relaciones con el entorno, al igual que un diagnóstico de los docentes de la institución cuyo resultado arroja ser una de las materias que los estudiantes en general poseen un grado más de dificultad que las demás. De acuerdo a la teoría piagetiana las competencias lógico matemáticas se desarrollan de una forma más adecuada en la etapa preoperacional (2 a 7 años), por tanto, se escoge el grado transición como muestra de la población total del colegio. Esta investigación utiliza un método cualitativo con un diseño de tipo investigación acción en la que se aplicarán pruebas previas y posteriores al desarrollo de los temas correspondientes al primer periodo del año lectivo con el refuerzo mediante la utilización de diferentes actividades en el aula virtual, con su correspondiente comparación y análisis.The main objective of this degree work is the design and implementation of a virtual learning classroom as a strategy that allows the strengthening of mathematical logical thinking in transition children of the Párraga Agricultural Educational Institution, located in the municipality of Rosas in the south of the department of Cauca. The idea arises from the difficulties that high school students present in solving problems and relationships with the environment, as well as a diagnosis of the teachers of the institution whose result shows that it is one of the subjects that students in general have a degree of difficulty than the others. According to Piagetian theory, logical-mathematical skills are developed more adequately in the pre-operational stage (2 to 7 years), therefore, the transition grade is chosen as a sample of the total population of the school. This research uses a qualitative method with an action research type design in which pre and post tests will be applied to the development of the topics corresponding to the first period of the school year with reinforcement through the use of different activities in the virtual classroom, with its corresponding comparison and analysis